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Water-Year Summary for Site 474428091594601

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Available Parameters
00010 Temperature, water(Mean)  
00045 Precipitation(Max.,Sum) [not accurate when freezing]  
62611 Elevation, GW, NAVD88(Mean)  
72019 Water level, depth LSD(Mean,Min.,Max.)  

Water year 2023: 2022-10-01 to 2023-09-30
 

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USGS Water-Year Summary 2023
474428091594601 WLN08 61N13W28ADBB 01 Babbitt CRN 0000786137
Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions)
Rainy Outwash
LOCATION - Lat 47°44'28.54", long 91°59'46.02" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.28, T.61 N., R.13 W., St. Louis County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 09030001, 2.8 miles NW of Babbitt, Minnesota.
GROUNDWATER RECORDS
WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 24.67 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 14.78 ft, bottom of last opening 24.06 ft. The hole for well WLN08 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow-stem auger drill rig to a depth of 24.7 feet. The well is constructed of a 9.28-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to length/s of 10.00 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.67 feet above land surface when measured on 30 Nov. 2016. The open interval of the well is between 14.78 and 24.06 feet below land surface and the well is 24.67 feet deep.
DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,478.07 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: Black mark on top of 2-inch PVC well casing, not protection post, 2.67 ft above land-surface datum, Nov. 30, 2016 to present. The measuring point is a black mark on the top of the 2-inch diameter PVC well casing, which was 2.67 feet above land surface on 30 Nov. 2016. Elevation of the measuring point is 1480.74 ±0.07 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on a differential GPS survey on 01 Dec. 2016.
PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water levels were recorded periodically from 01 December 2016 to the present. Water levels were recorded hourly from 01 December 2016 at 14:00 CST to the present, except during the following periods:

22 Dec. 2016 at 14:00 CST - 23 Dec. 2016 at 15:00 CST: due to equipment failure.
23 Dec. 2016 at 23:00 CST - 28 Dec. 2016 at 16:00 CST: due to equipment failure.
31 Dec. 2016 at 13:00 CST - 01 Jan. 2017 at 11:00 CST: due to equipment failure.
15 Jan. 2017 at 15:00 CST - 16 Jan. 2017 at 10:00 CST: due to equipment failure.
29 Jan. 2017 at 16:00 CST - 03 Feb. 2017 at 13:00 CST: due to equipment failure.
15 Apr. 2017 at 15:00 CDT - 15 Apr. 2017 at 19:00 CDT: due to unknown gap in raw data from transducer.
19 Apr. 2017 at 20:00 CDT - 22 Sept. 2017 at 16:00 CDT: due to transducer failure due to condensation on circuit board.
16 Apr. 2020 at 13:00-16:00 CDT: due to removing the transducer to pump the well during this period.
05 Jan. 2022 at 11:00-13:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
05 Jan. 2022 at 16:00 CST - 13 Jan. 2022 at 11:00 CST: due to dead station battery.

GAGE -

Water level and water temperature are currently measured with a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CS451, 0-16.7 ft. range, submersible pressure transducer nominally accurate to 0.01 feet and 0.1°C, respectively. An Onset RG3, unheated, tipping-bucket rain gage measures precipitation and is nominally accurate to 0.01 inches. Water level, water temperature, precipitation, shelter temperature, and battery voltage are all recorded by a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR295X data logger, which records all data hourly (except quarter-hourly precipitation). The data logger is housed in a 12-inch X 14-inch grey fiberglass shelter attached to the antenna mast. The gage is powered by a 20W solar panel and 12v, 35Ah station battery and is telemetered by GOES satellite telemetry with a Campbell Scientific, Inc. TX321-G GOES V2 HDR data transmitter. 

COOPERATION - Well WLN08 is operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) Program.
EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD -

Highest instantaneous water level: 1.22 ft. below land-surface datum on 30 April 2023.
Lowest instantaneous water level: 6.64 ft below land-surface datum on 14 March 2022.

Highest manual (discrete) water level: 1.32 ft. below land-surface datum on 25 April 2023.
Lowest manual (discrete) water level: 5.44 ft below land-surface datum on 13 January 2022.

CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS
PERIOD OF RECORD -

Precipitation were recorded quarter-hourly from 01 December 2016 at 14:00 CST to the present, except during the following periods:

22 Sept. 2017 at 15:00-15:30 CDT: due to installing new real-time data logging equipment during this period.
05 Jan. 2022 at 18:45 CST - 13 Jan. 2022 at 11:30 CST: due to dead station battery.

INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is measured with an Onset RG3 tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.
WATER-QUALITY RECORDS
WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 24.67 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 14.78 ft, bottom of last opening 24.06 ft. The hole for well WLN08 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow-stem auger drill rig to a depth of 24.7 feet. The well is constructed of a 9.28-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to length/s of 10.00 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.67 feet above land surface when measured on 30 Nov. 2016. The open interval of the well is between 14.78 and 24.06 feet below land surface and the well is 24.67 feet deep.
DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,478.07 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: Black mark on top of 2-inch PVC well casing, not protection post, 2.67 ft above land-surface datum, Nov. 30, 2016 to present. The measuring point is a black mark on the top of the 2-inch diameter PVC well casing, which was 2.67 feet above land surface on 30 Nov. 2016. Elevation of the measuring point is 1480.74 ±0.07 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on a differential GPS survey on 01 Dec. 2016.
PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water temperatures were recorded hourly from 01 December 2016 at 14:00 CST to the present, except during the following periods:

15 Apr. 2017 at 15:00 CDT - 15 Apr. 2017 at 19:00 CDT: due to unknown gap in raw data from transducer.
11 Apr. 2017 at 08:00-19:00 CDT: due unknown gap in raw data from transducer.
19 Apr. 2017 at 20:00 CDT - 22 Sept. 2017 at 16:00 CDT: due transducer failure due to condensation on circuit board.
05 Jan. 2022 at 11:00-13:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
05 Jan. 2022 at 16:00 CST - 13 Jan. 2022 at 11:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
28 Apr. 2022 at 15:00 CDT - 08 May 2022 at 21:00 CDT: due to thermistor unknowingly recording very noisy & inaccurate data.
25 Oct. 2022 at 08:00 CDT - 26 Oct. 2022 at 20:00 CDT: due to water temperature recovering back to static after pumping well.

COOPERATION - Well WLN08 is operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) Program.
INSTRUMENTATION -

Water temperatures are currently measured with a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CS451 submersible pressure transducer thermistor, which are accurate to ±0.1°C. Temperature differences are accurate to 0.1°C.

Water temperatures were measured with a KPSI 500 submersible pressure transducer during 22 Sept. 2017 at 17:00 CDT to 28 Apr. 2022 at 16:00 CDT, which were accurate to ±0.3°C, due to noisiness in the water temperature record, especially during winter & spring months. Differences in temperature were also accurate to 0.3°C. 

Water temperature were measured with an OTT Orpheus Mini submersible pressure transducer during  01 Dec. 2016 at 14:00 CST to 19 Apr. 2017, which were accurate to ±0.1°C. Differences in temperature are accurate to 0.1°C.