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Groundwater levels for the Nation
Agency code = | usgs |
---|---|
site_no list = |
|
Minimum number of levels = | 1 |
Table of data |
Tab-separated data |
Graph of data |
Reselect period |
Date | Time |
Water-level date-time accuracy |
Parameter code | Water level, feet below land surface |
Water level, feet above specific vertical datum |
Referenced vertical datum |
Status |
Method of measurement |
Measuring agency |
Source of measurement |
Water-level approval status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1972-04-18 | D | 62610 |   |   | NGVD29 | F | O |   |   | A | |
1972-04-18 | D | 62611 |   |   | NAVD88 | F | O |   |   | A | |
1972-04-18 | D | 72019 |   |   |   | F | O |   |   | A | |
1972-04-26 | D | 62610 |   | 4.20 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-04-26 | D | 62611 |   | 3.40 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-04-26 | D | 72019 | -0.20 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-16 | D | 62610 |   | 4.06 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-16 | D | 62611 |   | 3.26 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-16 | D | 72019 | -0.06 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-25 | D | 62610 |   | 3.67 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-25 | D | 62611 |   | 2.87 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-25 | D | 72019 | 0.33 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-31 | D | 62610 |   | 3.07 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-31 | D | 62611 |   | 2.27 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-05-31 | D | 72019 | 0.93 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-05 | D | 62610 |   | 2.41 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-05 | D | 62611 |   | 1.61 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-05 | D | 72019 | 1.59 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-15 | D | 62610 |   | 2.55 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-15 | D | 62611 |   | 1.75 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-06-15 | D | 72019 | 1.45 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-03 | D | 62610 |   | -1.68 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-03 | D | 62611 |   | -2.48 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-03 | D | 72019 | 5.68 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-29 | D | 62610 |   | -1.70 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-29 | D | 62611 |   | -2.50 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-08-29 | D | 72019 | 5.70 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-09-25 | D | 62610 |   | 0.39 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-09-25 | D | 62611 |   | -0.41 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-09-25 | D | 72019 | 3.61 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-05 | D | 62610 |   | 0.62 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-05 | D | 62611 |   | -0.18 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-05 | D | 72019 | 3.38 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-25 | D | 62610 |   | 2.47 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-25 | D | 62611 |   | 1.67 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-10-25 | D | 72019 | 1.53 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-12-04 | D | 62610 |   | 2.75 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-12-04 | D | 62611 |   | 1.95 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1972-12-04 | D | 72019 | 1.25 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-03 | D | 62610 |   | 2.78 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-03 | D | 62611 |   | 1.98 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-03 | D | 72019 | 1.22 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-30 | D | 62610 |   | 2.63 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-30 | D | 62611 |   | 1.83 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-01-30 | D | 72019 | 1.37 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-19 | D | 62610 |   | 2.39 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-19 | D | 62611 |   | 1.59 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-19 | D | 72019 | 1.61 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-26 | D | 62610 |   | 2.90 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-26 | D | 62611 |   | 2.10 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-04-26 | D | 72019 | 1.10 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-02 | D | 62610 |   | 2.41 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-02 | D | 62611 |   | 1.61 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-02 | D | 72019 | 1.59 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-09 | D | 62610 |   | 2.18 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-09 | D | 62611 |   | 1.38 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-09 | D | 72019 | 1.82 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-17 | D | 62610 |   | 1.77 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-17 | D | 62611 |   | 0.97 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-17 | D | 72019 | 2.23 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-22 | D | 62610 |   | 1.34 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-22 | D | 62611 |   | 0.54 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-05-22 | D | 72019 | 2.66 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-07 | D | 62610 |   | 1.03 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-07 | D | 62611 |   | 0.23 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-07 | D | 72019 | 2.97 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-14 | D | 62610 |   | -0.62 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-14 | D | 62611 |   | -1.42 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-06-14 | D | 72019 | 4.62 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-07-13 | D | 62610 |   | -2.16 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-07-13 | D | 62611 |   | -2.96 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-07-13 | D | 72019 | 6.16 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-08-09 | D | 62610 |   | -4.18 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-08-09 | D | 62611 |   | -4.98 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-08-09 | D | 72019 | 8.18 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-11 | D | 62610 |   | -2.75 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-11 | D | 62611 |   | -3.55 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-11 | D | 72019 | 6.75 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-12 | D | 62610 |   | -2.27 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-12 | D | 62611 |   | -3.07 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-12 | D | 72019 | 6.27 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-26 | D | 62610 |   | -0.56 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-26 | D | 62611 |   | -1.36 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-09-26 | D | 72019 | 4.56 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-10-17 | D | 62610 |   | 0.37 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-10-17 | D | 62611 |   | -0.43 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-10-17 | D | 72019 | 3.63 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-11-15 | D | 62610 |   | 1.18 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-11-15 | D | 62611 |   | 0.38 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1973-11-15 | D | 72019 | 2.82 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-03 | D | 62610 |   | 1.85 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-03 | D | 62611 |   | 1.05 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-03 | D | 72019 | 2.15 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-31 | D | 62610 |   | 2.58 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-31 | D | 62611 |   | 1.78 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-01-31 | D | 72019 | 1.42 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-03-06 | D | 62610 |   | 1.80 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-03-06 | D | 62611 |   | 1.00 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-03-06 | D | 72019 | 2.20 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-01 | D | 62610 |   | 2.25 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-01 | D | 62611 |   | 1.45 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-01 | D | 72019 | 1.75 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-25 | D | 62610 |   | 2.01 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-25 | D | 62611 |   | 1.21 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-04-25 | D | 72019 | 1.99 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-05-22 | D | 62610 |   | 0.46 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-05-22 | D | 62611 |   | -0.34 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-05-22 | D | 72019 | 3.54 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-06-19 | D | 62610 |   | -0.68 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-06-19 | D | 62611 |   | -1.48 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-06-19 | D | 72019 | 4.68 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-07-17 | D | 62610 |   | -3.60 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-07-17 | D | 62611 |   | -4.40 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-07-17 | D | 72019 | 7.60 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-06 | D | 62610 |   | -5.13 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-06 | D | 62611 |   | -5.93 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-06 | D | 72019 | 9.13 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-12 | D | 62610 |   | -4.80 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-12 | D | 62611 |   | -5.60 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-12 | D | 72019 | 8.80 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-28 | D | 62610 |   | -5.28 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-28 | D | 62611 |   | -6.08 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-08-28 | D | 72019 | 9.28 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-09-25 | D | 62610 |   | -2.69 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-09-25 | D | 62611 |   | -3.49 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-09-25 | D | 72019 | 6.69 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-10-29 | D | 62610 |   | -0.68 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-10-29 | D | 62611 |   | -1.48 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-10-29 | D | 72019 | 4.68 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-11-20 | D | 62610 |   | -0.84 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-11-20 | D | 62611 |   | -1.64 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-11-20 | D | 72019 | 4.84 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-12-18 | D | 62610 |   | 0.80 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-12-18 | D | 62611 |   | 0.00 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1974-12-18 | D | 72019 | 3.20 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-01-10 | D | 62610 |   | 1.31 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-01-10 | D | 62611 |   | 0.51 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-01-10 | D | 72019 | 2.69 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-02-11 | D | 62610 |   | 3.00 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-02-11 | D | 62611 |   | 2.20 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-02-11 | D | 72019 | 1.00 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-03-12 | D | 62610 |   | 3.07 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-03-12 | D | 62611 |   | 2.27 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-03-12 | D | 72019 | 0.93 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-04-09 | D | 62610 |   | 2.33 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-04-09 | D | 62611 |   | 1.53 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-04-09 | D | 72019 | 1.67 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-07 | D | 62610 |   | 2.80 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-07 | D | 62611 |   | 2.00 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-07 | D | 72019 | 1.20 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-08 | D | 62610 |   | 2.47 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-08 | D | 62611 |   | 1.67 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-05-08 | D | 72019 | 1.53 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-06-10 | D | 62610 |   | -0.36 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-06-10 | D | 62611 |   | -1.16 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-06-10 | D | 72019 | 4.36 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-09 | D | 62610 |   | -2.50 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-09 | D | 62611 |   | -3.30 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-09 | D | 72019 | 6.50 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-31 | D | 62610 |   | -3.36 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-31 | D | 62611 |   | -4.16 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-07-31 | D | 72019 | 7.36 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-08-07 | D | 62610 |   | -3.67 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-08-07 | D | 62611 |   | -4.47 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-08-07 | D | 72019 | 7.67 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-10-16 | D | 62610 |   | -0.47 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-10-16 | D | 62611 |   | -1.27 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1975-10-16 | D | 72019 | 4.47 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-01-30 | D | 62610 |   | 1.62 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-01-30 | D | 62611 |   | 0.82 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-01-30 | D | 72019 | 2.38 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-02-27 | D | 62610 |   | 2.25 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-02-27 | D | 62611 |   | 1.45 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-02-27 | D | 72019 | 1.75 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-03-30 | D | 62610 |   | 2.39 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-03-30 | D | 62611 |   | 1.59 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-03-30 | D | 72019 | 1.61 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-04-26 | D | 62610 |   | 1.32 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-04-26 | D | 62611 |   | 0.52 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-04-26 | D | 72019 | 2.68 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-05-26 | D | 62610 |   | 0.24 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-05-26 | D | 62611 |   | -0.56 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-05-26 | D | 72019 | 3.76 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-06-24 | D | 62610 |   | -2.65 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-06-24 | D | 62611 |   | -3.45 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-06-24 | D | 72019 | 6.65 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-07-26 | D | 62610 |   | -4.32 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-07-26 | D | 62611 |   | -5.12 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-07-26 | D | 72019 | 8.32 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-08-25 | D | 62610 |   | -5.69 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-08-25 | D | 62611 |   | -6.49 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-08-25 | D | 72019 | 9.69 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-09-29 | D | 62610 |   | -2.45 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-09-29 | D | 62611 |   | -3.25 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-09-29 | D | 72019 | 6.45 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-10-27 | D | 62610 |   | 0.64 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-10-27 | D | 62611 |   | -0.16 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-10-27 | D | 72019 | 3.36 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-12-27 | D | 62610 |   | 2.36 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-12-27 | D | 62611 |   | 1.56 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1976-12-27 | D | 72019 | 1.64 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-03-30 | D | 62610 |   | 1.80 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-03-30 | D | 62611 |   | 1.00 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-03-30 | D | 72019 | 2.20 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-05-16 | D | 62610 |   | 0.57 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-05-16 | D | 62611 |   | -0.23 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-05-16 | D | 72019 | 3.43 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-06-21 | D | 62610 |   | -1.09 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-06-21 | D | 62611 |   | -1.89 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-06-21 | D | 72019 | 5.09 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-08-16 | D | 62610 |   | -6.29 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-08-16 | D | 62611 |   | -7.09 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-08-16 | D | 72019 | 10.29 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-09-20 | D | 62610 |   | -3.87 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-09-20 | D | 62611 |   | -4.67 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-09-20 | D | 72019 | 7.87 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-12-16 | D | 62610 |   | 2.20 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-12-16 | D | 62611 |   | 1.40 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1977-12-16 | D | 72019 | 1.80 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-01-23 | D | 62610 |   | 2.43 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-01-23 | D | 62611 |   | 1.63 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-01-23 | D | 72019 | 1.57 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-03-30 | D | 62610 |   | 1.91 | NGVD29 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-03-30 | D | 62611 |   | 1.11 | NAVD88 | 1 | Z |   |   | A | |
1978-03-30 | D | 72019 | 2.09 |   |   | 1 | Z |   |   | A |
Section | Code | Description |
---|---|---|
Water-level date-time accuracy | D | Date is accurate to the Day |
Parameter code | 62610 | Groundwater level above NGVD 1929, feet |
Parameter code | 62611 | Groundwater level above NAVD 1988, feet |
Parameter code | 72019 | Depth to water level, feet below land surface |
Referenced vertical datum | NAVD88 | North American Vertical Datum of 1988 |
Referenced vertical datum | NGVD29 | National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 |
Status | 1 | Static |
Status | F | Flowing |
Method of measurement | O | Observed. |
Method of measurement | Z | Other. |
Measuring agency | Not determined | |
Source of measurement | Not determined | |
Water-level approval status | A | Approved for publication -- Processing and review completed. |